Source: Breastfeeding News www.phcris.org.au –Wonderful resource for breastfeeding research provided by Professor Ellen McIntyre, Director of the Primary Health Care Research & Information Service (PHC RIS) at Flinders University in Australia.
from the Baby Friendly Initiative newsletter…
UNICEF UK welcomes increased breastfeeding rates
UNICEF welcomed the news that breastfeeding initiation rates have risen to 81 per cent across Britain as testament to all the hard work put in by the NHS to improve the care given to breastfeeding women.
The figures are from the 2010 Infant Feeding Survey, a national survey conducted every five years on behalf of the four UK Departments of Health to provide estimates of breastfeeding and other feeding practices adopted by mothers from the birth of their baby up to around 10 months.
The figure of 81 per cent represents an increase of 5 per cent since the 2005 survey and 12 per cent since 2000.
Between 2005 and 2010, the percentage of newborn babies initially breastfed rose from:
78 per cent to 83 per cent in England
67 per cent to 71 per cent in Wales
70 per cent to 74 per cent in Scotland
63 per cent to 64 per cent in Northern Ireland.
“In recent years hospitals have put a great deal of effort into improving staff training and knowledge, and putting in place policies and practices proven to increase breastfeeding rates,” said UNICEF UK Baby Friendly Initiative Director Sue Ashmore.
“Now we have the figures to show this nationwide effort has paid off.”
Over the last decade the number of UK maternity hospitals gaining UNICEF Baby Friendly Accreditation – that is, having been successfully assessed by UNICEF as having recognised good practice in place for infant feeding – has almost tripled, from 22 units in 2001 to 63 now.
Most other hospitals are part-way through the process of becoming Baby Friendly, following official Department of Health advice that all units should implement the Baby Friendly standards.
These standards are based on the UNICEF/WHO recognised Ten Steps to Successful Breastfeeding, and include ensuring all staff are trained in how to help a woman breastfeed, to give all women an hour of skin-to-skin contact, and to encourage demand feeding. If a woman chooses to bottlefeed, the Baby Friendly standards also require that she is shown how to make up feeds safely, as well as advice on feeding and nurturing in the early days.
Click here to read the report.
Three new university courses achieve Baby Friendly status
Three new university courses were accredited as Baby Friendly at the end of June – a major step forward for training of midwifery and public health nursing students in the UK.
The three universities were the University of York, the University of Chester – both of which had midwifery courses accredited – and the University of West of Scotland, which had its Public Health Nursing course accredited and now becomes the first university in the UK to have both its midwifery and public health nursing courses awarded Baby Friendly status.
Sue Ashmore, Programme Director of the UNICEF UK Baby Friendly Initiative, said “Training the next generation of health professionals will shape the care that mothers receive for years to come, so to have three new university courses accredited in one week is an impressive achievement for all involved.”
Complementary Feeding: Nutrition, Culture and Politics – New book from the author of ‘The Politics of Breastfeeding’
Gabrielle Palmer’s new book is now available to buy. Developed from a paper initially written for IBFAN, the book looks at the first foods a child eats after breastmilk or formula milk. It covers marketing, the industrialisation of first foods and the potential long-term health impacts that early diet can have.
A previous speaker at Baby Friendly annual conferences and an inspiration for many activists and health-care workers around the world, this timely book should provoke much debate.
Click here to read more on publisher Pinter and Martin’s website.
New implementation guidance now available
We are pleased to announce that our implementation guidance documents for maternity and community setting have been updated and redesigned. This should make both booklets more useful when planning the implementation of the Baby Friendly Initiative standards
The documents have now also been separated into different sections to deal with individual steps and points, which are available to download from the relevant parts of the website.
Click here to see the full documents.
RCPCH publishes new position paper on breastfeeding
The Royal College of Paediatrics and Child Health (RCPCH) has published a position paper strongly endorsing six months exclusive breastfeeding and supporting the Baby Friendly Initiative.
The RCPCH notes that “breastfeeding plays an important part in protecting children’s health.” It calls for more research to improve the evidence base relating to “the extent to which breastfeeding reduces the risk of diabetes mellitus (IDDM), raised blood pressure, asthma, allergies and other atopic conditions and children’s behaviour.”
Circumventing the WHO Code? An observational study
This study compares the formula milk advertisements appearing in parenting magazines in four countries – the USA and Canada where there are no restrictions on formula advertising, the UK where formula milk advertising is prohibited but advertising for follow-on formula is not and Australia where both formula milk and follow-on formula milk advertising is prohibited.
The authors found that promotion of formula products or brands occurred in all the magazines, however the type of product advertised differed. Follow-on formula advertisements occurred most frequently in the UK and toddler milk advertisements in Australia.
The authors conclude that bans on the advertising of some infant formula products do not reduce the advertising of infant formula per se, and that products such as follow-on formula are presented in ways that encourage consumers to associate the claims made in them with a group of products (a product line) that includes infant formula, reducing the effectiveness of any advertising restrictions.
UNICEF UK comment - This study demonstrates that comprehensive and complete legislation is required to implement the International Code of Marketing of Breastmilk Substitutes if such legislation is to be effective.
More research on formula advertising
Insulin dynamics of breast- or formula-fed overweight and obese children
A total of 350 overweight or obese 8-year old children and 33 normal weight control subjects who had been either exclusively breastfed or formula-fed for 4 months or longer underwent oral glucose tolerance tests to measure parameters of insulin sensitivity and secretion.
The authors conclude that, despite having the same degree of obesity, children who were formula-fed had a reduced insulin sensitivity and increased insulin secretion than those who were exclusively breastfed for 4 months.
More research on diabetes
Breastfeeding and non-nutritive sucking patterns related to the prevalence of anterior open bite in primary dentition
This study evaluated the association between breastfeeding and non-nutritive sucking patterns and the prevalence of anterior open bite in primary tooth development.
Infant feeding and non-nutritive sucking were investigated in a 3-6 year-old sample of 1,377 children, from Sao Paolo. Children were grouped according to breastfeeding duration: non-breastfed, shorter than 6 months, interruption between 6 and 12 months, and longer than 12 months. Three calibrated dentists performed clinical examinations and classified overbite into 3 categories: normal, anterior open bite and deep bite.
Results showed children who were non-breastfed had significantly more chances of having anterior open bite compared with both children who were breastfed, and in the subgroup without history of non-nutritive sucking, with the children that breastfed longest associated with a 3.7 times lower chance of having anterior open bite than non-breastfed children.
More research on dental health
Prospective national study of sudden and unexpected postnatal collapse
Sudden and unexpected postnatal collapse (SUPC) of a healthy newborn infant is a very rare event that happens in 1 in 20,000 live, term babies. However, when it does occur, it carries a high risk of mortality and neurodisability in survivors.
This study collected data from all cases of SUPC referred through the British Surveillance Unit reporting scheme over a 13-month period. 45 cases were reported and in 15 cases an underlying abnormality was determined. However, in 30 cases no underlying cause was found and in 24 cases the clinical diagnosis was airway obstruction while breastfeeding or in the prone position.
The authors conclude that: “For the significant majority of newborn infants, it is clear that breastfeeding and skin-to-skin practices are safe, beneficial and should be recommended. For such recommendations to be safe for all infants, guidelines should include appropriate vigilance of infants. Responsibility should be with clinical staff to ensure that during breastfeeding and skin-to-skin practices, parents are able to assess the airway, breathing and colour of their infant. Where parental observation of these parameters may be impaired by exhaustion or sedation, the responsibility for vigilance should reside with the clinical staff”.
UNICEF UK comment: This study highlights again the need for vigilance by health professionals to ensure babies wellbeing in the first hours after birth. Please see the Baby Friendly Initiative implementation guidance on Step 4 for more details.
Randomised trial compares hand expression with breast pumping
An American study of 68 mothers of newborns 12-36 hours old who were latching or sucking poorly were randomly assigned to either 15 minutes of bilateral electric pumping or 15 minutes of hand expression. Milk transfer, maternal pain, breastfeeding confidence and breastmilk expression experience immediately after the intervention were measured, as well as breastfeeding rates at 2 months after birth.
The median volume of expressed milk was higher from the electric pumping, range 1ml (0-40) compared to range 0.5ml (0-5) for hand expression (p=0.07). Outcome measures for milk transfer, maternal pain and breastmilk expression experience did not differ between intervention groups. However, mothers assigned to hand expression were more likely to be breastfeeding at 2 months, 96.1% compared to 72.7% (p=0.02).
The authors conclude that hand expression in the early postpartum period may improve breastfeeding outcomes and call for more research.
More research on expressing breastmilk
Conferences in Australia …
Breastfeeding: A Changing Paradigm – Saturday, Sept 24, 2011
Presenters: Pam Heselev and Dr Fay Paxton
Citigate Central, 169-179 Thomas St, Haymarket NSW 2000
IBCLC CERPs and Midplus points have been applied for
For more information, and the full program at www.breastfeedingconferences.
Breastfeeding: Searching for Excellence – Nov 17 – 18 (Novotel Brisbane) and Nov 21-22 (Hotel Grand Chancellor, Adelaide)
Presenters: Sue Cox and Molly Pessl
Back by popular demand! This very successful 2 day conference was held in Melbourne and Sydney last year and we are pleased to announce it will be held in Brisbane and Adelaide this year.
For more information, registrations and the full program, please go to www.breastfeedingconferences.
From the journals …
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Imdad A, Yakoob MY, Bhutta ZA. |
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BMC Public Health. 2011 Apr 13;11 Suppl 3:S24. Review. |
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PMID: 21501442 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE] Free Article |
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Breastfeeding and the risk for diarrhea morbidity and mortality. |
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Lamberti LM, Fischer Walker CL, Noiman A, Victora C, Black RE. |
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BMC Public Health. 2011 Apr 13;11 Suppl 3:S15. Review. |
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PMID: 21501432 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE] Free Article |
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Sparud-Lundin C, Berg M. |
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BMC Womens Health. 2011 Apr 7;11:10. |
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PMID: 21473755 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE] Free PMC Article |
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Neveu D, Viljoen J, Bland RM, Nagot N, Danaviah S, Coutsoudis A, Rollins NC, Coovadia HM, Van de Perre P, Newell ML. |
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Clin Infect Dis. 2011 Mar;52(6):819-25. |
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PMID: 21367736 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE] Free PMC Article |
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Crume TL, Ogden L, Maligie M, Sheffield S, Bischoff KJ, McDuffie R, Daniels S, Hamman RF, Norris JM, Dabelea D. |
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Diabetes Care. 2011 Mar;34(3):641-5. |
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PMID: 21357361 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE] Free Article |
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Duration of lactation and maternal adipokines at 3 years postpartum. |
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Stuebe AM, Mantzoros C, Kleinman K, Gillman MW, Rifas-Shiman S, Gunderson EP, Rich-Edwards J. |
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Diabetes. 2011 Apr;60(4):1277-85. Epub 2011 Feb 24. |
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PMID: 21350085 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE] Free Article |
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Implications of the new WHO guidelines on HIV and infant feeding for child survival in South Africa. |
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Doherty T, Sanders D, Goga A, Jackson D. |
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Bull World Health Organ. 2011 Jan 1;89(1):62-7. Epub 2010 Nov 22. |
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PMID: 21346892 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE] Free PMC Article |
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Wobudeya E, Bachou H, Karamagi CK, Kalyango JN, Mutebi E, Wamani H. |
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BMC Pediatr. 2011 Feb 17;11:17. |
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PMID: 21329521 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE] Free PMC Article |
Milk sharing: from private practice to public pursuit
Akre JE, Gribble KD, Minchin M
International Breastfeeding Journal 2011, 6:8 (25 June 2011)
Centralized Model of Human Milk Preparation and Storage in a State-of-the-Art Human Milk Lab
Lisbeth Gabrielski and Rachelle Lessen
ICAN: Infant, Child, Adolescent Nutrition 2011;3 225-232
http://can.sagepub.com/cgi/
Community-Based Participatory Research of Breastfeeding Disparities in African American Women
Tamar Ringel-Kulka, Elizabeth Jensen, Sue McLaurin, Elizabeth Woods, Jonathan B. Kotch, Miriam Labbok, J. Michael Bowling, Pamela Dardess, and Sharon Baker
ICAN: Infant, Child, Adolescent Nutrition 2011;3 233-239
http://can.sagepub.com/cgi/
Breastfeeding to 24 months of age in the northeast of Italy: a cohort study.
Carletti C, Pani P, Knowles A, Monasta L, Montico M, Cattaneo A.
Breastfeed Med. 2011 Aug;6:177-82.
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Prevention of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Breastmilk Transmission with Copper Oxide: Proof-of-Concept Study.
Borkow G, Covington CY, Gautam B, Anzala O, Oyugi J, Juma M, Abdullah MS.
Breastfeed Med. 2011 Aug;6:165-70.
Related Articles: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:
Efficacy of Neonatal Release of Ankyloglossia: A Randomized Trial.
Buryk M, Bloom D, Shope T.
Pediatrics. 2011 Jul 18;. [Epub ahead of print]
Related Articles: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:
Factors associated with discontinuation of breast-feeding before one month of age.
Almqvist-Tangen G, Bergman S, Dahlgren J, Roswall J, Alm B.
Acta Paediatr. 2011 Jul 18;. [Epub ahead of print]
Related Articles: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:
Waist-to-hip ratio and woman’s education level as predictors of breastfeeding duration.
Pawlowski B, Ulijaszek SJ.
Coll Antropol. 2011 Jun;35(2):313-8.
Related Articles: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:
Clinical uses of melatonin in pediatrics.
Sánchez-Barceló EJ, Mediavilla MD, Reiter RJ.
Int J Pediatr. 2011;2011:892624.
Related Articles: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:
Does maternal autonomy influence feeding practices and infant growth in rural India?
Shroff MR, Griffiths PL, Suchindran C, Nagalla B, Vazir S, Bentley ME.
Soc Sci Med. 2011 Jun 17;. [Epub ahead of print]
Link: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:
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Comparison of Maternal Milk (Breastmilk) Expression Methods in an African Nursery.
Slusher TM, Slusher IL, Keating EM, Curtis BA, Smith EA, Orodriyo E, Awori S, Nakakeeto MK.
Breastfeed Med. 2011 Jul 8;. [Epub ahead of print]
Link: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:
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Mother’s perceptions and experiences of infant feeding within a community-based peer counselling intervention in South Africa.
Nor B, Ahlberg BM, Doherty T, Zembe Y, Jackson D, Ekström EC.
Matern Child Nutr. 2011 Jul 8;. [Epub ahead of print]
Link: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:
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Severe physical violence between intimate partners during pregnancy: a risk factor for early cessation of exclusive breast-feeding.
Moraes CL, de Oliveira AS, Reichenheim ME, Lobato G.
Public Health Nutr. 2011 May 24;:1-8. [Epub ahead of print]
Link: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:
Related Articles: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:
Dietary patterns and breast-feeding in Australian children.
Grieger JA, Scott J, Cobiac L.
Public Health Nutr. 2011 Jun 23;:1-9. [Epub ahead of print]
Link: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:
Related Articles: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:
Costs of Necrotizing Enterocolitis and Cost-Effectiveness of Exclusively Human Milk-Based Products in Feeding Extremely Premature Infants.
Ganapathy V, Hay JW, Kim JH.
Breastfeed Med. 2011 Jun 30;. [Epub ahead of print]
Link: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:
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Cost of individual peer counselling for the promotion of exclusive breastfeeding in Uganda.
Chola L, Nkonki L, Kankasa C, Nankunda J, Tumwine J, Tylleskar T, Robberstad B, Promise-Ebf TS.
Cost Eff Resour Alloc. 2011 Jun 29;9(1):11. [Epub ahead of print]
Link: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:
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Should chronic hepatitis B mothers breastfeed? A meta analysis.
Zheng Y, Lu Y, Ye Q, Xia Y, Zhou Y, Yao Q, Wei S.
BMC Public Health. 2011 Jun 27;11(1):502. [Epub ahead of print]
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Improved growth of preterm infants receiving mother’s own raw milk compared to pasteurized donor milk.
Montjaux-Régis N, Cristini C, Arnaud C, Glorieux I, Vanpee M, Casper C.
Acta Paediatr. 2011 Jun 24;. [Epub ahead of print]
Related Articles: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:
Insulin dynamics of breast- or formula-fed overweight and obese children.
Manco M, Alterio A, Bugianesi E, Ciampalini P, Mariani P, Finocchi M, Agostoni C, Nobili V.
J Am Coll Nutr. 2011 Feb;30(1):29-38.
Related Articles: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:
‘It should be the most natural thing in the world’: exploring first-time mothers’ breastfeeding difficulties in the UK using audio-diaries and interviews.
Williamson I, Leeming D, Lyttle S, Johnson S.
Matern Child Nutr. 2011 Jun 22;. [Epub ahead of print]
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Warfarin Overdose in a Breast-feeding Woman.
Schindler D, Graham TP.
West J Emerg Med. 2011 May;12(2):216-7.
Link: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:
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Pacifier use compared with no pacifier use in breastfeeding term infants for increasing duration of breastfeeding.
[No authors listed]
Obstet Gynecol. 2011 Jul;118(1):164-5.
Link: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:
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Gene polymorphisms, breast-feeding, and development of food sensitization in early childhood.
Hong X, Wang G, Liu X, Kumar R, Tsai HJ, Arguelles L, Hao K, Pearson C, Ortiz K, Bonzagni A, Apollon S, Fu L, Caruso D, Pongracic JA, Schleimer R, Holt PG, Bauchner H, Wang X.
J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2011 Jun 18;. [Epub ahead of print]
Link: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:
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Infant and young child feeding in the Peruvian Amazon: the need to promote exclusive breastfeeding and nutrient-dense traditional complementary foods.
Roche ML, Creed-Kanashiro HM, Tuesta I, Kuhnlein HV.
Matern Child Nutr. 2011 Jul;7(3):284-294.
Link: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:
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“The highest pleasure of which woman’s nature is capable”: breast-feeding and the sentimental maternal ideal in America, 1750–1860.
Doyle N.
J Am Hist. 2011;97(4):958-73.
Link: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:
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The Quiet Revolution: Breastfeeding Transformed With the Use of Breast Pumps.
Rasmussen KM, Geraghty SR.
Am J Public Health. 2011 Jun 16;. [Epub ahead of print]
Link: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:
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Transmission. Breastfeeding may cause drug resistance in infants.
[No authors listed]
AIDS Policy Law. 2011 May;26(6):1.
Link: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:
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The role of infant feeding practices in the explanation for ethnic differences in infant growth: the Amsterdam Born Children and their Development study.
de Hoog ML, van Eijsden M, Stronks K, Gemke RJ, Vrijkotte TG.
Br J Nutr. 2011 Jun 17;:1-10. [Epub ahead of print]
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The impact of flavour exposure in utero and during milk feeding on food acceptance at weaning and beyond.
Cooke L, Fildes A.
Appetite. 2011 May 27;. [Epub ahead of print]
Link: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:
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Duration of gestation, size at birth and later childhood behaviour.
Yang S, Fombonne E, Kramer MS.
Paediatr Perinat Epidemiol. 2011 Jul;25(4):377-87.
Link: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:
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Severe acquired cytomegalovirus infection in a full-term, formula-fed infant: Case Report.
Berardi A, Rossi C, Fiorini V, Rivi C, Vagnarelli F, Guaraldi N, Pietrosemoli P, Lazzarotto T, Ferrari F.
BMC Pediatr. 2011 Jun 6;11(1):52. [Epub ahead of print]
Link: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:
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Compromised Weight Gain, Milk Intake, and Feeding Behavior in Breastfed Newborns of Depressive Mothers.
Hart SL Phd, Jackson SC Ms Ibclc, Boylan LM Phd Rd L.
J Pediatr Psychol. 2011 Jun 3;. [Epub ahead of print]
Link: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:
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Policy and pragmatism in breast feeding.
Forsyth J.
Arch Dis Child. 2011 Jun 2;. [Epub ahead of print]
Link: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:
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Feeding intervention in cleft lip and palate babies: a practical approach to feeding efficiency and weight gain.
Ize-Iyamu IN, Saheeb BD.
Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg. 2011 Jun 3;. [Epub ahead of print]
Link: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:
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Expressed breast milk on a neonatal unit: A hazard analysis and critical control points approach.
Cossey V, Jeurissen A, Thelissen MJ, Vanhole C, Schuermans A.
Am J Infect Control. 2011 Jun 2;. [Epub ahead of print]
Link: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:
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Effect of pasteurization on immune components of milk: implications for feeding preterm infants.
Ewaschuk JB, Unger S, Harvey S, O’Connor DL, Field CJ.
Appl Physiol Nutr Metab. 2011 Apr;36(2):175-82.
Link: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:
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